Commanding the Obligatory ‘Ma^ruf’ and Forbidding the Unlawful ‘Munkar’ The following is a section pertaining to fulfilling the obligations and refraining from the sins. Know that (every accountable person is obligated to perform all the obligations that Allah ordained upon one) like prayer, paying the due zakah, fasting, returning what was taken from people unjustly, and the like. (One must),…
English Text
Also among the rules pertaining to the apostate is that (as a result of apostasy), i.e., by apostatizing, (the apostate invalidates his Fast “Sawm”), because fasting is not valid from a non-Muslim. Likewise, the apostate’s (dry purification “tayammum”) is invalidated. However his ablution “wudu’” is not invalidated by his apostasy. Therefore, the one who apostatized after making ablution and then…
Repentence of the Apostate “Murtadd” After elucidating the categories of apostasy, do know that (It is obligatory upon the apostate “murtadd”) whether male or female (to return to) the religion of (Islam immediately). One reenters Islam (by uttering the Testification of Faith), i.e., the two shahadahs, which are: “I testify that no one is God except Allah, and I testify…
(The rule) on which the scholars based their judgments in these cases (is: any belief, action or saying which belittles Allah, His Books, His Messengers, His Angels, His Rites) (or) (the well-known practices of His Religion), i.e., the obvious matters of the Religion like the prayer, the adhan, and the mosque, or belittles (His Rules, His Promise) of Paradise and…
(A large number of scholars “faqihs”) from the four schools, (like the Hanafiyy faqih, Badrur-Rashid[1]) who lived in the eighth Hijriyy century and authored a treatise in showing the blasphemous words, (and the Malikiyy Qadi ^Iyad[2],) who lived in the sixth Hijriyy century and authored Ash-Shifa’, (may Allah ta^ala have mercy upon both of them, enumerated many) examples of (blasphemous…
(The third category of apostasy is the apostate sayings, which are too many. (Some examples are:) For a person (to say to a Muslim: ‘O blasphemer’, ‘O Jew’, ‘O Christian’, or ‘O you without a religion’) while the speaker intends the (meaning) that (the religion of the addressed Muslim is blasphemy, Judaism, Christianity, or not a religion). Saying this is…
The second category of apostasy is the apostate actions, such as prostrating to an idol), which is anything that is worshipped other than Allah, whether it was made from stone, wood, or another material. (Or) prostrating to (the sun). Prostrating to an idol or the sun is blasphemy and apostasy regardless (whether the prostration was done as an act or…
Examples of the first category of apostasy, i.e., the apostate beliefs, are: Having the doubt in) the existence of (Allah), His Oneness, or His non-resemblance to the creation. Having doubt in the truthfulness of (His Messenger), Muhammad, sallallahu ^alayhi wa salam, or his Prophethood, such as doubting whether or not Muhammad was the Messenger of Allah. Having doubt whether or…
(An-Nawawiyy and other scholars of the four schools ‘madhhabs” classified apostasy into three categories: apostate beliefs) occuring in the heart, (apostate actions) performed by the different parts of the body (and apostate sayings) said with the tongue. (Each category of apostacy is divided)—branches out—(into many subdivisions).
(Anger is not an excuse for one to escape the judgment of falling into blasphemy. Concerning this matter,) Hafidh (Imam an-Nawawiyy said: “If a man was angry with his child or young slave and hit him severely, then another person asked him, ‘How could you do this) sinful, severe beating? (Aren’t you a Muslim?’and to that his deliberate answer), i.e.,…